Spermatozoa: Biology, Function and Chromosomal Abnormalities

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Spermatozoa are the motile haploid cells that are the male gametes. A spermatozoon fuses with a haploid egg cell to form a zygote. Spermatozoa accounts for nearly half of the genetic material of the diploid offspring. There are two types of sperm cells: one bearing an X chromosome and another bearing a Y chromosome. The sex of the offspring is also determined by the sperm cells. The fusion of the sperm cell having an X chromosome will lead to a female (XX) offspring, while the fusion of the sperm cell having a Y chromosome will lead to a male offspring (XY). A sperm cell has four parts: a head...

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